The COTS use in harsh Radiation environment of the CERN accelerators complex

The radiation environment encountered at high-energy accelerators is composed of a mixed field expected made of charged and neutral hadrons (protons, pions, kaons and neutrons), photons, electrons and muons, ranging from very low (thermal) energies up to the TeV range. Electronic components and systems exposed to a mixed radiation field can suffer from Single Event Effects (SEEs), damage from Total Ionizing Dose (TID) and Displacement Damage (DD).